When Will Housing Really Bottom? (Part II) (October 7, 2008) Yesterday we established the context of the housing market: that the unraveling of global credit bubbles and leverage doom housing to a long decline and stagnation. Today we examine some of the less visible conditions which will exacerbate the decline and stagnation. But before we get to that analysis, let's look at this chart of Lehman Brothers (r.i.p.), courtesy of frequent contributor Harun I., and ask if this could presage what is in store not just for banks but for leverage, for credit, for new housing sales and indeed, the global stock markets:
Correspondent Unix Ronin recently sent in a link to the Los Angeles TV station KCET's report on what they term "Foreclosure Alley". While the piece provides nothing new to those of you who have been following the housing bubble's bursting, the comments left by readers included a long, deeply revealing post by a homeowner (signed as Linda Ogden) who successfully renegotiated her first mortgage with the lender. Here are some excerpts from the post:
Our mortgage has been modified, we are now able to stay in our home for 4 more years... then we can not afford the payments again, what will happen? Is the lenders help in modification of our loan a help, or just a temporary fix? Our goal is to pray the real estate comes back enough to sell and pay our first and second loans of approximately $566,000. My husband is retired, fortunately from the state of California after 38 years, and he has a pension, and will be able to collect Social Security in November. We are blessed, we are some of the lucky ones with an income.Here we have the entire rotten-to-the-core world of housing meltdown in one account. Note that Ms. Ogden (admittedly by her own account) appears to be trying to "do the right thing," and no doubt the loan officers who works for the first-mortgage lender also believes he/she is "trying to do the right thing" in keeping a foreclosure off the books and keeping a homeowner in their home. But if we look between the cracks of this account, what do we see that has deep ramifications for the housing market as whole? Is there any reason to suspect this account is highly unusual or unique? All available evidence suggests it is very typical and reflects widespread lender policies. 1. Even homeowners who were fiscally conservative (paid off cars and credit cards) bought more house than they can afford. Assuming these folks are typical of a certain demographic, it suggests millions of "responsible" households are also hanging on by their fingernails to mortgages and houses they really can't afford. 2. Everyone is depending on a huge rebound in real estate values to save them. Everyone from the homeowners to lenders to Federal Reserve officials is praying for the one thing which would bail everyone out: a sudden re-inflation of the housing bubble which would enable the sale of millions of underwater mortgages to a new generation of marks/suckers. Too bad there are no more marks or suckers. Loose lending standards and liar loans enabled millions of unqualified people to become homeowners. The gangplank has been pulled up from those no-down, cheap mortgages, so the pool of potential marks/buyers has literally vanished overnight. So what's Plan B if housing stagnates and does not return to bubble-era valuations in 4-5 years? Foreclosure. 3. Many are counting on their pensions remaining untouched even as a financial firestorm destroys the value of pension funds and as a housing and economic meltdown savages all local and state governments' revenues. Pensions may well take a hit along with everything else, especially if municipalities and agencies find no choice but to declare bankruptcy in the face of unsustainable pension promises. Could the state of California renege on its promises? Absolutely. As the saying goes, "you can't get blood from a turnip." 4. The mortgage "workout" is a money-losing fig-leaf which masks the lenders' desperation to keep the mortgage out of foreclosure and on the books at "full value," i.e. "marked to maturity." You are already familiar with "marked to maturity," as this fiction is the foundation of the Paulson Bailout Congress just approved: overpay for near-worthless mortgages, and then pray the housing bubble re-inflates and makes everyone whole again. 5. Both borrower and lender are making the tacit assumption that this is merely a holding action: the borrower cannot afford the mortgage under anything but giveaway conditions: super-low interest and no principal payments. The borrower more or less states that she will be unable to pay market-rates on her mortgage. Thus both borrower and lender are gambling that the market recovers to its bubble-era valuations in 4-5 years. If that doesn't happen, then another wave of foreclosures looms in that time frame. 6. "Responsible" borrowers, i.e. those with recoverable assets and a desire to renegotiate their mortgages, are getting gamed by aggressive lenders. In this case, the second-mortgage lender gamed the situation and saw the benefits of playing hardball: refuse any workout on the theory that the homeowner would reach a deal with the first-mortgage holder, leaving the second mortgage untouched. The lender's accusation of fraud is a nice little example of chutzpah, i.e. the fellow who murders his parents and then throws himself on the mercy of the courts as a poor orphan. That game plan only works if the homeowners is trying to keep their home; it's a game of chicken and if the homeowners walk away then the second-mortgage lien holder very likely gets nothing. Given the incredible recalcitrance of lenders in denial, perhaps the appropriate response for many homeowners is: Choose Foreclosure: The Case For Walking Away (website) and the companion book CHOOSE FORECLOSURE: The Case For Walking Away. I haven't had a chance to read this book yet but but the concept is well worth exploring, and the website has a free excerpt of the book for your review. 7. Other Realtors suggested gaming the system via lying; so the same conditions which fed the bubble--lies, obfuscations, misstatements, omissions, collusion and a lack of verification and transparency--are still the norm. How can anyone accurately price collateral when everyone is still lying or in denial, from the borrower to the ratings agencies to the lenders to the politicos passing bailouts? Without verified data and full transparency, trust cannot be restored, no matter how much liquidity the Federal Reserve pumps into the corpse of the global "empire of debt and leverage." 8. "The lenders do not need nor want another foreclosure"--true, because if they mark their depreciated mortgage assets to the actual market, they're hopelessly insolvent. This explains why the lenders in this account were so anxious to keep the full (bogus) value of the mortgages on the books, even if payments dropped to a meager 2% interest. This is precisely what the Japanese banks did for 15 years, propping up zombie loans and borrowers with sweetheart payments and even additional loans to enable the zombies to make token payments on the original debt. And how well did that work out for the Japanese? How about the "Lost Decade" is now "The Lost Two Decades"? Bottom line: even formerly prudent people bought into the bubble notion that prices could only climb higher. Now the system is attempting to stave off the reality of collapsing values via zombie borrowers and loans. All that this accomplishes is the pain is put off for another 4-5 years. Lenders are truly on the horns of a dilemma: if they write down their true losses, they are insolvent, so their only choice is to keep as many "zombie" loans on the books at full value as possible, i.e. loans which are uncollectable as they are based on severely depreciated collateral. The basic premise presented by this homeowner--that we'll all be saved if the housing market goes bubblicious again in 4-5 years--is essentially what Bernanke and Paulson are saying, too: just keep the garbage assets on the books at full value (i.e. "marked to maturity") for a few years until housing recovers, and then the workout will be painless. But what if housing doesn't shoot back up to bubble-era heights? Then what? Then you get a housing market which stumbles and stagnates for 4-5 years, and then it gets hit with a massive wave of reality as all the zombies slip into their final resting places, i.e the financial graveyard of bankruptcy and insolvency. And let's not forget that millions of Alt-A and adjustable loans are coming up for re-sets in the years ahead:
These re-sets reach a crescendo in 2011 and then diminish in 2012. So you see what will happen: these re-sets will keep housing declining until 2012, at which point the "workout" jig is up for the zombie borrowers and mortgages who were counting on a re-inflation of the bubble. Thus we can foresee a huge wave of foreclosures hitting in 2011 and 2012, followed by yet another massive wave of zombie borrowers and loans which will finally be exposed to daylight. By the time that wave recedes, how many buyers will be left? How much trust in the system will there be? How many will still believe the "old-time religion" that real estate only goes up? This is how we come to a conclusion that the housing decline and stagnation might not hit bottom until 2020 or so. Since I rashly predicted a stock market crash for today back on 9/22/08, Mark Your Calendars: The Crash of October 7, 2008, I will leave you with a comment by Harun regarding the charts I've recently posted:
All of your charts seem to have something in common with the first chart:
We are still a ways off on our current timeline leading to a contemporary Marie Antoinette statement about bread and cake. I suspect when that moment arrives in a marbled room on this side of the Atlantic, it will either be tightly controlled or leaked by design. However, we are now at a point where the well-powdered whisper blowing upon the tiny spark of public anger seems to be “If they have two slices of bread, then take their little pat of butter.” The No Banker Left Behind Bill (Chuck D., September 29, 2008) I have been mulling over the proposed bailout bill (which I have decided should be called the No Banker Left Behind Bill). I have the feeling that no matter what they do, something big this way is coming. I just don’t know what form it will take. There Is Ultimately No Gaming the System: When the Micro Crash Reflects the Macro Crash (Zeus Y., September 29, 2008) The proposed 700 billion dollar bailout cannot really “work” from a system level. I know it’s real intention is to cover the butts of Wall Street investors, but you have the same problem in macro that homeowners have in micro. Nobody knows what homes are worth right now, so buyers are sitting it out. It isn’t about restricted credit (even though that is a factor). It isn’t about being too cash strapped to make a down payment (though that too is a factor). It’s about not wanting to be suckered into buying something that may still be overpriced. New Book Notes: My new "little book of big ideas," Weblogs & New Media: Marketing in Crisis is now available on amazon.com for $10.99.
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